Cellular Communication

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Goal

To have a hive send data in areas not covered with network cable or outside WiFi range. There is also a problem with sites without AC power. This is also covered in the section for Solar Panel.

Equipment

My setup for this is:

  • Raspberry Pi
  • HAT board
  • Weighing cells
  • 2 x DHT22 Temperatur / Humidity sensors
  • TSL2591 Lux sensor
  • Edimax E180 3G modem
  • WiFi from Raspberry

Considerations

There are several things to think about

  1. Is this the only hive to be connected to internet.
  2. If there is more that one, you need to set it up as a router.
  3. If there is only two hives a ethernet cable between would be the most power effeciant.
  4. If there is more than two, you need a ethernet hub or using wifi between hives (wifi use a lot of power)


Connecting only one hive

Connect USB modem to Pi

Check that you can see the USB modem: 

$ lsusb
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0c45:7401 Microdia
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 12d1:1003 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. E220 HSDPA Modem / E230/E270/E870 HSDPA/HSUPA Modem
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9512 Standard Microsystems Corp. LAN9500 Ethernet 10/100 Adapter / SMSC9512/9514 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub


Update to latest versions

$ sudo apt-get update


Add program for connection to modem with disk partition

$ sudo apt-get install usb-modeswitch


Install PPP driver

$ sudo apt-get install ppp


Download and install Sakis3G application

This is stable, and easy to configure. More info on www.sakis3g.com 

$ sudo wget "http://www.sakis3g.com/downloads/sakis3g.tar.gz" -O sakis3g.tar.gz


Unpack files

$ sudo tar -xzvf sakis3g.tar.gz

Make file executable 

$ sudo chmod +x sakis3g


Copy file to /usr/local/bin 

$ sudo cp sakis3g /usr/local/bin


Test connection (Use sudo, otherwise it maybe fails to open ports)

$ sudo ./sakis3g --interactive

1. Connect with 3G
1. USB device
3. HUAWEI Mobile
1. (internet) - APNv (It may differ at your mobile provider)

E180 connected to Phonero (24201). - Connected to internet

Check connection information

Interface: P-t-P (ppp0)
Connected since: 2016-01-18 14:39
Kilobytes received: 24
Kilobytes sent: 6
Network ID: 24201
Operator name: Phonero
APN: internet
Modem: E180
Modem type: USB
Kernel driver: option
Device: /dev/ttyUSB0


After testing internet connection, disconnect modem from menu

Make your own connection command

$ sudo ./sakis3g connect

Please select modem type by using OTHER variable, or by enabling interactive mode.

       $ /home/pi/sakis3g --interactive "connect"

Available options are:
USBMODEM USB device
BLUETOOTH Bluetooth modem
CUSTOM_TTY Custom tty...

Example: 

$ /home/pi/sakis3g OTHER="USBMODEM"

$ sudo ./sakis3g OTHER="USBMODEM" connect

Please select USB modem by using USBMODEM variable, or by enabling interactive mode.

       $ /home/pi/sakis3g --interactive "OTHER=USBMODEM" "connect"

Available options are:
0424:9512 BUSNUM=001
0424:ec00 BUSNUM=001
12d1:1003 HUAWEI Mobile
1d6b:0002 DWC OTG Controller

Example: 

       $ /home/pi/sakis3g USBMODEM="0424:9512"

$ sudo ./sakis3g OTHER="USBMODEM" USBMODEM="12d1:1003" connect
Please select APN by using APN variable, or by enabling interactive mode. 

       $ /home/pi/sakis3g --interactive "OTHER=USBMODEM" "USBMODEM=12d1:1003" "connect"

Available options are:
internet (internet)
CUSTOM_APN Custom APN…

Example: 

$ /home/pi/sakis3g APN="internet"

$ sudo ./sakis3g OTHER="USBMODEM" USBMODEM="12d1:1003" APN="internet" connect

E180 connected to Phonero (24201).

$ sudo ./sakis3g OTHER="USBMODEM" USBMODEM="12d1:1003" APN="internet" disconnect

Disconnected.

Connecting more hives to modem

First is to find out if you want to use static or DHCP setup for your hives.
If you want to have static setup there is more information on this on other pages here

DHCP setup

Install software

$ sudo apt-get install hostapd isc-dhcp-server

Select interfaces you will use Pi as a DHCP server

  1. On what interfaces should the DHCP server (dhcpd) serve DHCP requests?
  2. Separate multiple interfaces with spaces, e.g. "eth0 eth1".

$ sudo vi /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server 

INTERFACES="eth0 wlan0"

Set up DHCP service

$ sudo vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

At the end put in the network setup you will use: 

subnet 192.168.42.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
 range 192.168.42.10 192.168.42.50;
 option broadcast-address 192.168.42.255;
 option routers 192.168.42.1;
 default-lease-time 600;
 max-lease-time 7200;
 option domain-name "local";
 option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4;

Put in static address on the interfaces

$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

source-directory /etc/network/interfaces.d

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
up iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat

iface eth0 inet manual

iface eth0 inet dhcp
 iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.42.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.42.1

allow-hotplug wlan0
#iface wlan0 inet manual
# wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
iface wlan0 inet static
 address 192.168.42.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
allow-hotplug wlan1
iface wlan1 inet manual
wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf


Set up WiFi as a access point

$ sudo vi /etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf

interface=wlan0
driver=rtl871xdrv
ssid=Pi_AP
hw_mode=g
channel=6
macaddr_acl=0
auth_algs=1
ignore_broadcast_ssid=0
wpa=2
wpa_passphrase=Raspberry
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP

$ sudo vi /etc/default/hostapd

DAEMON_CONF="/etc/hostapd/hostapd.conf"

$ sudo vi /etc/sysctl.conf
At the end put in this line
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

$ wget http://adafruit-download.s3.amazonaws.com/adafruit_hostapd_14128.zip
--2015-12-11 20:58:59-- http://adafruit-download.s3.amazonaws.com/adafruit_host
$ sudo unzip adafruit_hostapd_14128.zip
 Archive: adafruit_hostapd_14128.zip

 inflating: hostapd

$ sudo mv /usr/sbin/hostapd /usr/sbin/hostapd.ORIG
 $ sudo mv hostapd /usr/sbin
 $ sudo chmod 755 /usr/sbin/hostapd
 $ sudo service hostapd start
 $ sudo service isc-dhcp-server start
 Job for isc-dhcp-server.service failed. See 'systemctl status isc-dhcp-server.service' and 'journalctl -xn' for details.


Set up Firewall (iptables)


$ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
$ sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o wlan0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
$ sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT
$ sudo iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE
$ sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -o wlan0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
$ sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -o ppp0 -j ACCEPT
$ sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i ppp0 -o eth0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
$ sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o ppp0 -j ACCEPT
$ sudo sh -c "iptables-save > /etc/iptables.ipv4.nat"
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